Eritrea

General Map

Medical Summary

The health risk information presented here is summarized from Shoreland Travax^®, a decision-support tool used by health care providers to perform a detailed health risk analysis based on specific locations, individual travel styles, and traveler risk behaviors. Travax provides practitioners current, independently researched malaria risk and prevention recommendations in a map-based format that goes beyond the annual WHO and US CDC statements included here. Not included here are current reports from Travax of disease outbreaks or environmental events that may pose elevated risks to travelers’ health and safety. The Providers section of this site offers a directory of health care providers who utilize Shoreland Travax for travel health counseling. Learn more about the detailed reports and maps available from these practitioners (includes links to samples).

General Information

Eritrea is a developing nation classified as low income. Located in eastern Africa along the Red Sea (north of Ethiopia), the climate classifications range from dry (arid) to dry (semi arid), with cooler temperatures in some high-altitude areas.

Vaccinations

Yellow Fever

An official yellow fever vaccination certificate may be required depending on your itinerary. Vaccination is usually recommended if you’ll be traveling in areas where there is risk of yellow fever transmission.

Requirement: A certificate proving yellow fever vaccination is required for travelers aged ≥ 9 months coming from countries with risk of YF transmission. This does not apply to airport transit stops (no exit through immigration checkpoint) in risk countries.

Other Vaccines

Depending on your itinerary, your personal risk factors, and the length of your visit, your health care provider may offer you vaccination against chikungunya, COVID-19, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, meningococcal meningitis, rabies, or typhoid fever. Routine immunizations, such as those that prevent tetanus/diphtheria or "childhood" diseases, should be reviewed and updated as needed.

Malaria

WHO—International Travel and Health (current online update, Country List)

(2020) Malaria risk due to P. falciparum (65%) and P. vivax (35%) exists throughout the year in the entire country below 2200 m. There is no risk in Asmara.

Recommended prevention in risk areas: C – Risk of P. falciparum malaria, in combination with reported chloroquine and sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance. Mosquito bite prevention plus atovaquone–proguanil or doxycycline or mefloquine chemoprophylaxis (select according to reported side effects and contraindications) ^a
^aAlternatively, for travel to rural areas with low risk of malaria infection, mosquito bite prevention can be combined with stand–by emergency treatment (SBET).

WHO Country List footnote: When available, the date of the most recent update or confirmation is indicated in parentheses in the country list. If no date is indicated, the most recent update or confirmation was provided before 2013.

CDC—Health Information for International Travel (current online edition)

Areas with malaria: All areas < 2,200 m (7,218 ft). None in Asmara.

Drug resistance³ : Chloroquine.
Malaria species: P. falciparum 85%, P. vivax 10%–15%, P. ovale rare.
Recommended chemoprophylaxis: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine.⁴
³ Refers to P. falciparum malaria unless otherwise noted.
⁴ Primaquine and tafenoquine can cause hemolytic anemia in people with G6PD deficiency. Patients must be screened for G6PD deficiency before starting primaquine or tafenoquine. See Tafenoquine Approved for Malaria Prophylaxis and Treatment for more information.

Other Concerns

Travelers' Diarrhea

High risk exists throughout the country, including in deluxe accommodations. Community sanitation and food safety measures are generally inadequate. Some itineraries (e.g., remote destinations, austere accommodations) and activities (e.g., ecotourism, eating street or local-market food) further increase risk.

Travelers should observe food and beverage precautions, which reduce the likelihood of illness.

Travelers should carry loperamide for self-treatment of diarrhea and, if risk is moderate to high, an antibiotic to add if diarrhea is severe. Consult a knowledgeable health care provider regarding which antibiotic is appropriate for you and most effective for your destination.

Other Food-Borne Illnesses

Precautions to prevent brucellosis, seafood poisoning may be needed.

Insect- and Arthropod-Borne Diseases

Dengue, leishmaniasis may pose a risk. Personal protective measures are important.

Other Disease and Health Risks

Additional concerns include anthrax disease, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis, marine hazards, schistosomiasis, sexually transmitted infections, snakebites, tuberculosis.

Consular Advice

The material below includes information from the US Department of State (DOS), the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCO), Global Affairs Canada (GAC), and Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), as well as from additional open-source material. Standard safety precautions that apply to all international travel can be found in the Library article Safety and Security.

Consular Travel Advice

Due to military conflict and ongoing security concerns, Australia (DFAT) advises avoiding travel to regions bordering Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Sudan and to the towns of Assab, Barentu, and Teseney; and advises reconsidering travel (or avoiding nonessential travel) to the rest of the country. US (DOS), UK (FCO), and Canada (GAC) have more limited warnings.

Terrorism Risk

Risk of attack by transnational terrorist groups exists in areas bordering Ethiopia. Targets may include domestic and international organizations and businesses; public places and events, including those frequented by tourists; and transportation systems.

Crime

Moderate risk of violent crime (armed robbery, home invasion, and carjacking) exists in Asmara, in border areas, and along the coast north of Massawa.

Low risk of petty crime exists throughout the country in cities and towns.

Theft of valuables from unattended vehicles is common.

Civil Unrest

Protests and demonstrations may infrequently occur and have the potential to turn violent without warning. Bystanders are at risk of harm from violence or from the response by authorities. Disruption to transportation, free movement, or the ability to carry out daily activities may occur.

Unsafe Areas

Armed conflict occurs in areas bordering Djibouti and Ethiopia. A dangerous security environment exists in Teseney and Barentu (Gash-Barka Region) and in Assab (Southern Red Sea Region). Armed groups may be present in areas bordering Sudan. Landmines and other unexploded ordnance are present in many remote areas throughout the country and in areas bordering Ethiopia.

Transportation Safety

Significant risk of traffic-related injury or death exists. The road traffic death rate is more than 24 per 100,000 population, the highest risk category. Carefully assess the safety of transportation options before any road travel.

Structural standards for vehicles may not meet international standards.

Natural Disasters

The rainy season is from June through September. Floods, mudslides, and landslides may occur.

Seismic and volcanic activity occurs.

Consular Information

Selected Embassies or Consulates in Eritrea

United States: [+291] 1-12-00-04; er.usembassy.gov
Canada: [+291] 1-18-18-55; travel.gc.ca/assistance/embassies-consulates/eritrea
United Kingdom: [+44] 1908-516666; www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-asmara
Australia: Australia does not have an embassy or consulate in Eritrea.

Eritrea's Embassies or Consulates in Selected Countries

In the U.S.: www.embassyeritrea.org
In Canada: consulateoferitrea.com
In the U.K.: eritrea.visahq.co.uk/embassy/united-kingdom
In Australia: ericon.org.au

On This Page